A report published by the Scottish Offshore Wind Energy Council (SOWEC) explores how developers can maximise opportunities for nature within and around offshore wind farms.
Measures that provide habitat for shelter, feeding and spawning can be incorporated within wind turbine foundation options to help enhance biodiversity in the decade ahead as multiple wind farms are constructed in Scotland’s seas.
Supported by SOWEC, the Collaboration for Environmental Mitigation & Nature Inclusive Design (CEMNID) project, a collaboration between offshore wind developers and Scottish regulators, has produced a new set of tools for the sector including a “Good Practice Mitigation Library” and a suitability review of Nature Inclusive Design measures.
These offer a practical framework for the offshore wind sector to deliver projects with minimal impact and to benefit the marine environment.
Launched during National Marine Week 2024, the project is a response to the twin climate and biodiversity crises facing Scotland’s seas, and addresses a key uncertainty faced by offshore wind sector as it tries to speed up the consenting of projects.
The report recommends further investigation and trials of the most promising nature-inclusive measures, and for developers to consider them at the early design stages of offshore wind projects.
The measures, which all aim to increase opportunities for shelter and settlement of a variety of different species, include fish hotels, adaptable rock protection measures, reef-type structures, mattresses for cable protection and water replenishment holes (enabling water flow through monopiles).
Current mitigation measures for seabird colonies including adjusting turbine layouts in response to observed bird behaviours and increasing the “air gap” between blades and the sea are highlighted as examples of best practice for future Scottish projects.
The report also identifies the selection of infrastructure and vessel lighting and cable burial decisions as helping to minimise potential effects on ecological features.
The recommendations set out practical tools and next steps for the sustainable development of offshore wind in Scotland.
Now published, SOWEC members will be able to draw on this informed approach to integrate a nature-inclusive design process into offshore wind planning and policy.
Duncan Smart, senior planning & environmental policy manager at ScottishPower Renewables and chair, CEMNID Project Steering Group, said: “We’re really excited by the outcomes of this year-long collaborative project which provides practical outputs to support the sustainable development of offshore wind as well as recommendations to steer policy development.
“By working to address key environmental uncertainties which pose a barrier to consenting and deployment, we’re moving closer to delivering a clear planning framework for offshore wind.
“The strong collaboration fostered through this project has been great to see as it is only by tackling shared challenges together that we will be able to maximise the success of offshore wind deployment.”
Karen Taylor, marine sustainability manager, NatureScot, and member of the project steering group added: “We hope this work, together with the review of good practice mitigation, will support and encourage the offshore wind industry across Scotland to help tackle the climate and the biodiversity emergencies.”